Asian tiger mosquito in Europe, region by region, 1979–2026

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Region-by-region spread of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in Europe, from the first European record in Albania (1979) to 2026. Each region (NUTS3 – e.g. a French département, Spanish province, Italian province, German district – or an admin-1 unit outside the EU) appears in the year of its first documented record. LEGEND • Amber – detected/introduced (not, or not yet, established). • Red – established (overwintering, reproducing population). If a source dates establishment separately, the region turns from amber to red in that year. If it is established per ECDC but no separate establishment year is documented, it is red from its first record. • Pale red – established, but no dated record for that region was found. Italian provinces without their own date are shown in 2010 (by 2010, 129 NUTS3 regions in 7 countries were established, mostly Italian – Farooq et al. 2025); Albanian districts in 1979 (found "throughout the country" – Adhami & Reiter 1998); all others at the ECDC map of August 2023 (Greece, Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovenia mostly). Their true first year is earlier. • Dots – first record per country, hover for place, date and source. A region is coloured as a whole even when only one town in it is affected. Year = year of the season (France: official status at 1 January of the next year). DATA 541 regions, assembled in November 2026 from ~570 dated records in national and peer-reviewed sources, calibrated against the ECDC/EFSA VectorNet regional map of August 2023 (via Biazzo et al. 2026) and the ECDC counts of April 2026. No public pan-European dataset with years per region exists; VectorNet data are available from ECDC only on request. Coverage is strongest for France (all 83 colonised départements, official yearly maps 2004–2025), Spain (municipal first detections 2004–2024), Portugal, Switzerland, Austria, Croatia, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands; weaker for Italy (provinces only to ~1995), Greece, Bulgaria and Hungary. Not drawn: Canary Islands, microstates. SOURCES (main) Pan-European - ECDC & EFSA. Aedes albopictus – current known distribution, Aug 2023, Jul 2024, Jun 2025, Apr 2026. ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/surveillance-and-disease-data/mosquito-maps - Biazzo I. et al. 2026. Harmonised climate and Ae. albopictus surveillance datasets for Europe. Scientific Data. doi:10.1038/s41597-026-08307-8 (ECDC Aug 2023 regional statuses) - Farooq Z. et al. 2025. Impact of climate and Ae. albopictus establishment on dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in Europe. Lancet Planet Health. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(25)00059-2 - Swan T. et al. 2022. Dispersal pathways of Ae. albopictus. Parasites & Vectors 15:303 - Kraemer M.U.G. et al. 2019. Past and future spread of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Nat Microbiol 4:854 France - Ministère de la Santé (DGS). Cartes de présence du moustique tigre en France métropolitaine, 2004–2022; DGS note 2013-221; ARS press releases 2023–2025; Santé publique France (83 départements at 1 Jan 2026) - Schaffner F. et al. 2001. Eur Mosq Bull 9:1–3 (1999 tyre sites) Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Gibraltar - Eritja R. et al. InVaMoSp 2004–2024, municipal detections. Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.15869763; Insects 2025, 16:904 - Collantes F. et al. 2015. Ten years of the tiger. Parasites & Vectors - Navarra: Insects 2025, 16:852; Castilla y León surveillance 2026; regional press 2025–26 - INSA Portugal, REVIVE reports 2017–2025; Osório H.C. et al. 2018, 2020 - Medlock J.M. et al. 2022, JEMCA (Gibraltar); ARI Andorra 2025 Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia - Sabatini A. et al. 1990; Dalla Pozza G.L. et al. 1994; Romi R. 2001 (ISS); Romi, Di Luca & Majori 1999; Cristo et al. 2006 and Marchi et al. 2007 (Sardinia); Di Luca et al. 2017 (Lampedusa, Pantelleria); Lencioni et al. 2023 (Trentino); Mosca et al. 2016 (Piedmont, Aosta) - Flacio E. et al. 2004; Suter T.T. et al. 2016; Ravasi D. et al. 2022; Swiss national monitoring reports 2013–2019; cantonal reports (BS, BL, SO, VS, VD, GE, FR, GR, ZH) - Seidel B. et al. 2015; Bakran-Lebl K. et al. 2021, 2022; AGES ovitrap reports 2020–2024; Reichl et al. 2023 (Graz) - Kalan K. et al. 2011, Natura Sloveniae - Klobučar A. et al. 2006; Klobučar 2017 (thesis); HZJZ national monitoring 2016; Vignjević et al. 2015 Germany, Benelux, Central Europe, UK - Pluskota B. et al. 2008, 2016; Becker N. et al. 2017, 2022; KABS control-area pages; LGA Baden-Württemberg; StMGP/LGL Bavaria 2025–26; Berlin, Dresden, Hannover press releases - Deblauwe I. et al. 2022, Parasites & Vectors; Sciensano/ITM MEMO reports 2022–2023 and press releases 2023–2026 - Scholte E.J. et al. 2007; Ibáñez-Justicia A. et al. 2020; NVWA archive of findings 2022–2026; Dutch Health Minister, letter 25 295 nr. 2239 (Dec 2025) - Luxembourg Ministry of Health 2022–2026; neobiota.lu - Šebesta O. et al. 2012; Rudolf I. et al. 2018 (Czechia); Bocková E. et al. 2013; Jalili et al. 2026 (Slovakia); Sztikler et al. 2015 and Acta Trop 2025 (Hungary) - Medlock J.M. et al. 2017, Lancet ID; Vaux A.G.C. et al. 2020; UK surveillance 2020–24, PLOS Glob Public Health 2025 South-east and east - Adhami J. & Reiter P. 1998 (Albania); Petrić M. et al. 2018 (Montenegro); Kavran M. et al. 2021, 2023 (Serbia); Muja-Bajraktari N. et al. 2022 (Kosovo); Cvetkovikj A. et al. 2020 (North Macedonia) - Giatropoulos A. et al. 2012; Patsoula E. et al. 2017; Stefopoulou A. et al. 2022 (Greece) - Prioteasa L.F. et al. 2015; Fălcuță E. et al. 2020; Ivanescu L. et al. 2023 (Romania) - Oter K. et al. 2013; Akiner M.M. et al. 2016; Demirci B. et al. 2021 (Türkiye) - Gatt P. et al. 2010 (Malta); Christou M. et al. 2023; Piccinno R. et al. 2025 (Cyprus) - Şuleşco T. et al. 2021 (Moldova); Rudik V. & Korzhov Y. 2025 (Odesa); MOIP Bulletin (Crimea) - Ganushkina L.A. et al. 2012/2017; Bega et al. 2021; Fedorova et al. 2019 (southern Russia) - Kutateladze T. et al. 2016 (Georgia); Paronyan L. et al. 2020 (Armenia) Boundaries: Eurostat GISCO NUTS 2021/2016 (via eurostat/Nuts2json); Natural Earth admin-1.

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